Published between 1965 and 1968, the Revista Civilização Brasileira was one of the most important publications that offered intellectual resistance to the dictatorship installed in Brazil. The analysis of its main features and of some of its literary articles shows the boldness of the editors in exposing ideas contrary to those imposed by the military government. The main events of the period, which led to the military coup of 1964 and defined the new regime´s course, are briefly exposed, in order to consider the relevance of the publication within that historical and political context. In addition, the history of the publishing house responsible for the periodical is also considered, allowing one to understand its editorial line and the ideological position of its publisher, Ênio Silveira. This research brings into light the importance of the publication, stressing its role in the intellectual resistance against political oppression and in presenting new literary values.