In this dissertation we develop a map of the debates about whether we can articulate Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience, in which we identify three main groups, each with its own assumptions, which we designate as: hybridisation, isolation, and interlocution. We favour the position of the third group - interlocution - and oppose the others, setting out during the dissertation the reasons for our position. To the extent that the debates about Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience cover the question of the scientific nature of psychoanalysis, we decide to explore this topic with the aim of providing consistency. It should be noted that we start our investigation with the transition from Freud the neurologist to Freud the psychoanalyst, to show that he is the leading member of the group whose assumptions and theories we intend to support. We argue, in the last analysis, in favour of an interlocution between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience as long as the epistemological limits of each camp are respected.