In the new economy context, a particular group of firms has been getting a lot of attention - The Small Technology-Based Firms. These firms emerge around new ideas of products and services based on specific knowledge about specific technology. They introduce technology innovation in the industrial structure, contributing for economic growth and employment creation of highly qualified workmanship. Recently, an emergent tendency of strategic alliance formation between these firms has been configuring a new strategic behavior. Nevertheless, contemporary literature about strategic alliances has been parsimonious about this subject. The main purpose of this dissertation is to verify the assumption that the main competitive advantage that these kind of strategic alliances provide to Small Technology-Based Firms is reduction of market and technology uncertainty. The impact of different types of firm-financing on these alliances was also investigated. In addition, a conceptual framework based on Resource-based Theory of the Firm, which aids the analysis of these alliances, was adapted. This work is based on the case study of the strategic alliance formed between two small firms, one in Brazil and the other in Portugal, based on the same technology: Gavea Sensors and FiberSensing. Results confirm the assumption mentioned above, and show that different types of financing have influence on the form these strategic alliances take. Finally, future studies and public policies were suggested.