Anatomy of the Comic is a philosophical investigation concerning that experience that is so familiar to us, at the same time that is so mysterious, which is the perception of something comical, something that makes us laugh. Having as a preliminary position the postulate that it is not possible to formulate an exhaustive conceptual definition of the comic, it was sought, instead, to delimit its horizon in four possible aspects, namely: the moral, the rhetorical, the melancholic, and the grotesque. To this end, we started from an analysis of the Platonic and Aristotelian corpora, where we investigate how the comic, comedy and laughter were thematized in the works of these authors, and in what way the comic, as a problem, dialogues with other questions and is inserted in the organization of their thoughts. It will be seen, from these analyses and from the profound intuitions of these philosophers, that both the notion of common sense, as elaborated in this thesis, and the strange ontological condition of the human being, which vacillates between spirituality and animality, are the key elements to think about the various aspects of the comic mentioned above.