This thesis presented the experimental issues concerning the health assessment of concrete structures with the desire to replace the traditional subjective assessment of civil structures with a more objective assessment using the GPR. The emphasis here was on validating a sound procedure of health assessment for buildings, wastewater treatment stations and concrete test specimens. GPR was chosen since it is considered one of the most popular non-destructive testing methods adopted for concrete structure imaging because of its relative insensitivity to ambient conditions, high resolution, effectiveness, and availability of real-time images The research carried out in this thesis emphasized on as-built designing, damage detection, location, and quantification, which is of interest in the context of structural control. The results presented in this thesis demonstrated that the groundpenetrating radar (GPR) could be used as a useful tool in producing structural detailing drawings since it can provide the thickness of covering concrete and the depth and location of reinforcement. The results also show that deterioration of concrete mass and corrosion of its rebars could be also be assessed by the attributes provided by a GPR scan. Damages are detected by reducing the depth of the reflector, increasing the amplitude of EM waves and increasing attenuation expressed by the dB decay. Further to these, it was also indicated that the rebar condition can be assessed through slices at different times/depths obtained from a 3-D survey. In addition to that, the program also assessed the feasibility of GPR in evaluating steel fiber distribution within short beam test specimens used in several standard test methods for determining mechanical properties. Results revealed that the distribution of steel fibers within a beam is not uniform. Digital and processed images showed that fibers are not evenly distributed and there is a disparity between the numbers of fibers in different sections of the short beam. A statistical analysis performed on the results also found that the distance between fibers also varies within the short beam. When sketches of the emitted and recorded GPR signal in a single radar trace mode are compared to the digital and processed images it was perceived a good relationship between the GPR signal and the distribution of steel fibers within the short beam. It was additionally noticed that GPR signal amplitude not only supplies information on how the fibers are close to each other but also reflects regions with the absence of fibers. Results have also shown that a GPR system using a high-frequency antenna could assess weaker zones of steel fiber reinforcement within self-consolidating concrete short beams.